The most common causes of death are cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Ceaușescu even publicly condemned the action as "a big mistake, [and] a serious danger to peace in Europe and to the fate of Communism in the world". [424], Pork, chicken, and beef are the preferred types of meat, but lamb and fish are also quite popular. Bran Castle, near Brașov, is one of the most famous attractions in Romania, drawing hundreds of thousands of tourists every year as it is often advertised as being Dracula's Castle. Although 54.0% of the population lived in urban areas in 2011,[3] this percentage has been declining since 1996. [227], Romania still faces problems related to infrastructure,[228] medical services,[229] education,[230] and corruption. [40][44] He resisted the Romans for decades, but the Roman army defeated his troops in 106 AD. Artizanat traditional romanesc. [312], There were almost 18.3 million connections to the Internet in June 2014. [326][327], In 2014, Romania had 32,500 companies active in the hotel and restaurant industry, with a total turnover of €2.6 billion. [43] Dacia was again united under Decebalus around 85 AD. [199] Nevertheless, anti-Communist resistance was one of the most long-lasting in the Eastern Bloc. It has been a member of the United Nations since 1955, part of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since 2007. Partidele rămân una din sursele centrale ale democrației. [384] Primary and secondary education is divided into 12 or 13 grades. Le statut ne s'acquiert donc pas automatiquement en remplissant les critères mentionnés. [476] The Romanian competitors have won gold medals in other Olympic sports: athletics, canoeing, wrestling, shooting, fencing, swimming, weightlifting, boxing, and judo.[477]. Buy the wine you like at the best price, directly from the winemaker. [103] Increasing taxes outraged the Transylvanian peasants, and they rose up in an open rebellion in 1437, but the Hungarian nobles and the heads of the Saxon and Székely communities jointly suppressed their revolt. [421] In the Easter, traditions such as painting the eggs are very common. [241], Romania has one of the largest areas of undisturbed forest in Europe, covering almost 27% of its territory. [46][47] The Romans pursued an organised colonisation policy, and the provincials enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity in the 2nd century. The 1984 Summer Olympics was their most successful run, where they won 53 medals in total, 20 of them gold, ultimately placing 2nd to the hosts United States in the medal rankings. [136] The united principalities officially adopted the name Romania on 21 February 1862. [24] After the abolition of serfdom in 1746, the word rumân gradually fell out of use and the spelling stabilised to the form român. [291] As of 2020, there are around 6000 exports per month. Ridicarea comenziilor "predare personala Bucuresti" se face in strada Calea Plevnei nr.72,Sector 1. [226] Worsening economic conditions led to unrest and triggered a political crisis in 2012. [464] Romania reached the Davis Cup finals three times in 1969, 1971 and 1972. [357] [25], The use of the name Romania to refer to the common homeland of all Romanians—its modern-day meaning—was first documented in the early 19th century.[c][26]. The core player of this golden generation was Gheorghe Hagi, who was nicknamed "Maradona of the Carpathians". [252] Bucharest Metro, the only underground railway system, was opened in 1979 and measures 61.41 km (38.16 mi) with an average ridership in 2007 of 600,000 passengers during the workweek in the country. [152] After the October Revolution turned Russia from an ally into an enemy, Romania was forced to sign a harsh peace treaty with the Central Powers in May 1918,[153] but the collapse of Russia also enabled the union of Bessarabia with Romania. Amongst countries who have never hosted the event themselves, they are second in the total number of medals earned. [99] A local dynasty ruled the Despotate of Dobruja in the second half of the 14th century, but the Ottoman Empire took possession of the territory after 1388. There is also a semi-legal, informal private tutoring system used mostly during secondary school, which prospered during the Communist regime. In English, the name of the country was formerly spelt Rumania or Roumania. [90] Papal correspondence mentions the activities of Orthodox prelates among the Romanians in Muntenia in the 1230s. Alte particularități comune graiurilor sunt: uneori, căderea lui [a] inițial neaccentuat: ... Histoire de la langue roumaine (Istoria limbii române), vol. [288] Unemployment in Romania was at 4.3% in August 2018, which is low compared to other EU countries. [147][148] Romania seized Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria in the Second Balkan War in 1913. [130] After a new Russo-Turkish War, the Treaty of Adrianople strengthened the autonomy of the Danubian Principalities in 1829, although it also acknowledged the sultan's right to confirm the election of the princes. Während auch nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg und der Gründung der Republik Türkei 1923 noch zahlreiche Griechen in Istanbul lebten, setzte nach dem sogenannten Pogrom von Istanbul am 7. Communis pagina interretialis ; Haec stipula ad urbem spectat. The most notable players include Ștefan Birtalan, Vasile Stîngă (all-time top scorer in the national team) and Gheorghe Gruia who was named the best player ever in 1992. [17] Following rapid economic growth in the early 2000s, Romania has an economy based predominantly on services and is a producer and net exporter of machines and electric energy, featuring companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. [144] Ethnic Romanian politicians sharply opposed the Hungarian government's attempts to transform Hungary into a national state, especially the laws prescribing the obligatory teaching of Hungarian. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy. At the Cannes Film Festival, The Death of Mr. Lazarescu by Cristi Puiu won the Prix Un Certain Regard in 2005,[410] while 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days by Cristian Mungiu won the festival's top prize, the Palme d'Or, in 2007. Welcome to the Rouni google satellite map! The largest Genoese colonies in present-day Romania were Calafat (still known as such), Constanța (Costanza), Galați (Caladda), Giurgiu (San Giorgio), Licostomo and Vicina (unknown modern location). [388][389][390], Romania has a universal health care system; total health expenditures by the government are roughly 5% of GDP. 18,500 wine references at vineyard price with free delivery from 6 bottles per producer. [172] Romania was forced to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union on 26 June 1940, Northern Transylvania to Hungary on 30 August, and Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria in September. "Paula Seling despre rezultatul la Eurovision 2010: "Mai bine de atât nu se putea! [258] Romania also declared its public support for Turkey, and Croatia joining the European Union. There are also approximately 50,000 native speakers of Ukrainian (concentrated in some compact regions, near the border where they form local majorities),[362] 25,000 native speakers of German, and 32,000 native speakers of Turkish living in Romania. [3] Bucharest is the capital and the largest city in Romania, with a population of over 1.8 million in 2011. The vast majority of the population identifies as ethnic Romanian and Eastern Orthodox Christian and are native speakers of Romanian, a Romance language. Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, the Romanian educational system has been in a continuous process of reform that has received mixed criticism. [278] The cities and communes correspond to the NUTS-5 level divisions, but there are no current NUTS-4 level divisions. September 1955 ein massiver Exodus ein. [27] Romania became the predominant spelling around 1975. Two spelling forms: român and rumân were used interchangeably[a] until sociolinguistic developments in the late 17th century led to semantic differentiation of the two forms: rumân came to mean "bondsman", while român retained the original ethnolinguistic meaning. [332] Victor Babeș discovered more than 50 types of bacteria;[333] biologist Nicolae Paulescu discovered insulin,[334] while Emil Palade received the Nobel Prize for his contributions to cell biology. [221], During the 2000s, Romania enjoyed one of the highest economic growth rates in Europe and has been referred at times as "the Tiger of Eastern Europe". [235]:29 Source secondaire non précisée et non vérifiée. [66] After the Avar Khaganate collapsed in the 790s, Bulgaria became the dominant power of the region, occupying lands as far as the river Tisa. Overall, it has played in seven World Cups and had its most successful period during the 1990s, when it finished 6th at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, eventually being ranked 3rd by FIFA in 1997.[432]. The municipality of Bucharest is a special case, as it enjoys a status on par to that of a county. [346] Starting in December 2014, Romania became a co-owner of the International Space Station. Since then, there have been several other democratic changes of government: in 1996 Emil Constantinescu was elected president, in 2000 Iliescu returned to power, while Traian Băsescu was elected in 2004 and narrowly re-elected in 2009.[212]. [160] Calypso Botez established the National Council of Romanian Women to promote feminist ideas. The frigate the Regele Ferdinand participated in the 2011 military intervention in Libya. Romania (/roʊˈmeɪniə/ (listen) ro-MAY-nee-ə; Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] (listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. [411] At the Berlin International Film Festival, Child's Pose by Călin Peter Netzer won the Golden Bear in 2013. This surprise victory was attributed by many analysts to the implication of the Romanian diaspora in the voting process, with almost 50% casting ballots for Klaus Iohannis in the first round, compared to only 16% for Ponta. [412], The list of World Heritage Sites includes six cultural sites located within Romania, including eight painted churches of northern Moldavia, eight wooden churches of Maramureș, seven villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, the Horezu Monastery, and the Historic Centre of Sighișoara. Human remains found in Peștera cu Oase ("Cave with Bones"), radiocarbon dated as being from circa 40,000 years ago, represent the oldest known Homo sapiens in Europe. [251] The latter is elected by popular vote for a maximum of two terms of five years and appoints the prime minister who in turn appoints the Council of Ministers. 4/2015 37 – 44Romanian Oil Industry Decline", "Romania Expects to be Energy Independent Despite Ukraine Crisis", "Contractul pentru unitatile 3 si 4 de la centrala nucleara Cernavoda se va parafa in mai. [188] In February 1947, the Paris Peace Treaties confirmed the return of Northern Transylvania to Romania, but they also legalised the presence of units of the Red Army in the country. Also Virginia Ruzici won the French Open in 1978, and was runner-up in 1980, Simona Halep won the French Open in 2018 and Wimbledon in 2019 after losing her first three Grand Slam finals. [319] More than 60% of the foreign visitors in 2007 were from other EU countries. [16] According to Eurostat, Romania's GDP per capita (PPS) was 69% of the EU average (100%) in 2019, an increase from 44% in 2007 (the year of Romania's accession to the EU), making Romania one of the fastest growing economies in the EU. [117] The organization of the Transylvanian Military Frontier caused further disturbances, especially among the Székelys in 1764. , si potes! The post–1989 period is also characterised by the fact that most of the former industrial and economic enterprises which were built and operated during the Communist period were closed, mainly as a result of the policies of privatisation of the post–1989 regimes. Gheorghe Zamfir", "Gheorghe Zamfir, master of the pan pipe". What feminists can learn from the eastern experience", "Romania's brains rank first in Europe, 10th in the world after Math Olympiad", "Romanian students win four medals, two gold, at the European Girls Mathematical Olympiad", "Romanian students win 32 medals at SEEMOUS International Mathematical Olympiad", "Ritli: Ministry of Health budget for 2012 can provide the assistance at least at the level of previous year", "Our patients vs. theirs: How many hospitals has Romania compared to other EU countries", "Personalul medico-sanitar pe categorii, forme de proprietate, sexe, macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare și județe", ""De profesie: medic în România". [68], The Magyars (or Hungarians) took control of the steppes north of the Lower Danube in the 830s, but the Bulgarians and the Pechenegs jointly forced them to abandon this region for the lowlands along the Middle Danube around 894. Most Wallachian and Moldavian princes paid a regular tribute to the Ottoman sultans from 1417 and 1456, respectively. Aşa cum titlul conferinţei o arată, voi vorbi despre felul în care asociaţia La Maison Roumaine din Paris a abordat sărbătorirea Centenarului Marii Uniri, context în care legăturile privilegiate care au existat între Franţa şi România vor fi puse în evidenţă. [257], In the past, recent governments have stated that one of their goals is to strengthen ties with and helping other countries (in particular Moldova, Ukraine, and Georgia) with the process of integration with the rest of the West. [293] In 2005, the government replaced Romania's progressive tax system with a flat tax of 16% for both personal income and corporate profit, among the lowest rates in the European Union. [283], After 1989 the country experienced a decade of economic instability and decline, led in part by an obsolete industrial base and a lack of structural reform. Dateien sind unter den Lizenzen verfügbar, die auf ihren Beschreibungsseiten angegeben sind. Program : Luni-Vineri intre orele 10-20. [268] The Air Force purchased seven new C-27J Spartan tactical airlifters,[269] while the Naval Forces acquired two modernised Type 22 frigates from the British Royal Navy. Profită acum de prețuri accesibile si livrare promptă. [343] In January 2011, Parliament passed a law that enforces "strict quality control on universities and introduces tough rules for funding evaluation and peer review". [3] Like other countries in the region, its population is expected to decline gradually as a result of sub-replacement fertility rates and negative net migration rate. [203] At the same time, close ties with the Arab countries and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) allowed Romania to play a key role in the Israel–Egypt and Israel–PLO peace talks.[204]. When an independent Malaysia was conceived, it was rejected by the PKI and the Malayan Communist Party. ich bin ihm in Dankbarkeit verbunden. 75th meridian west; Bicazu Ardelean; Look at other dictionaries: Bicaz-Chei — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bicaz. [469], Popular individual sports include combat sports,[464] martial arts,[464] and swimming. [258] Romania has also made clear since the late 1990s that it supports NATO and EU membership for the democratic former Soviet republics in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. [281] Metropolitan areas have been constituted for most of these cities. ", "Arad: "Bătrâna Doamnă", UTA Arad, împlinește, joi, 74 de ani. [373] Counties with over ⅔  urban population are Hunedoara, Brașov and Constanța, while those with less than a third are Dâmbovița (30.06%) and Giurgiu and Teleorman. [258], Romania opted on 1 January 2007, to accede to the Schengen Area, and its bid to join was approved by the European Parliament in June 2011, but was rejected by the EU Council in September 2011. Les communes n'apparaissent pas dans cette liste. Romania derives from the Latin romanus, meaning "citizen of Rome". Its capital and largest city is Bucharest. The Constitutional Court (Curtea Constituțională) is responsible for judging the compliance of laws and other state regulations with the constitution, which is the fundamental law of the country and can only be amended through a public referendum. [132][133] The Wallachian revolutionists were the first to adopt the blue, yellow and red tricolour as the national flag. [318] Tourism in Romania attracted €400 million in investments in 2005. [48][49] Scholars accepting the Daco-Roman continuity theory—one of the main theories about the origin of the Romanians—say that the cohabitation of the native Dacians and the Roman colonists in Roman Dacia was the first phase of the Romanians' ethnogenesis. Comuna Horia. Accueil. [118], Princes Dimitrie Cantemir of Moldavia and Constantin Brâncoveanu of Wallachia concluded alliances with the Habsburg Monarchy and Russia against the Ottomans, but they were dethroned in 1711 and 1714, respectively. [149] The country remained neutral when World War I broke out in 1914, but Prime Minister Ion I. C. Brătianu started negotiations with the Entente Powers. Romania (/ r oʊ ˈ m eɪ n i ə / ro-MAY-nee-ə; Romanian: România [r o m ɨ ˈ n i. a] ()) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.It shares land borders with Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east and has its opening to the Black Sea. [464] In professional boxing, Romania has produced many world champions across the weight divisions internationally recognised by governing bodies.
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